Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Metabolic reprogramming by caloric restriction enhances acute phase virological control and reduces chronic inflammation in SIV-infected rhesus macaques
doi: 10.64898/2026.03.11.711076
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A & B) Combined weight (in kg.) (A) and body condition scores (B) of AL and CR animals comprising all measurements throughout the entire duration of ART. (C & D) Combined plasma glucose (C) and triglyceride (D) (mg/dL) of AL and CR animals comprising all measurements throughout the entire duration of ART. (E) Absolute counts (cells/µL) of total CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in blood from AL and CR animals after 11 months of ART. Counts were calculated using total lymphocyte counts from complete blood chemistries and multiplied by frequencies of viable CD3 + CD4 + or CD8 + lymphocytes assessed via flow cytometry (F & G) Absolute counts (cells/µL) of CD4 + (F) and CD8 + T cell (G) maturation subsets in the blood of AL and CR animals at 11M ART. (H) Principal component analysis (PCA) of 15 immune phenotypic markers in distinct immune cell lineages (CD4 + /CD8 + Tn, Tcm, Ttm, Tem, Treg (only CD4 + ), Tfh (only CD4 + ), NK cells (CD16 + & CD16 - ), and monocytes (classical, intermediate, & non-classical) in blood, lymph nodes, and colon at 11M ART, obtained via flow cytometry. Gating definitions were performed in accordance with Figure S2. (I) Representative H&E staining image of colon sections from one AL and CR animal (left). The graph on the right represents the quantification of immune cell infiltrates (immune cells/mm 2 ) (right) at 11M ART. (J) Flow cytometric proportions of major immune cell subsets in the colon at 11M ART between AL and CR animals. (K & L) Percentage of total CD4 + T cells expressing HLA-DR (K) and CD69 (L) in the colon at 11M ART obtained via flow cytometry. (M) Quantification of soluble CD14 (sCD14) in the plasma at 11M ART through ELISA. Values were interpolated using a standard curve and expressed in pg/mL. (N) Correlation between plasma sCD14 (ELISA) and colon immune cells/mm 2 (H&E) at 11M ART. (O) Volcano plot representing the mean log2 fold change of plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations at 11M ART. red = over-expressed in CR, blue = under-expressed in CR, gray = nonsignificant. (P) Quantification of total SIV DNA in purified blood CD4 + T cells at ART initiation through 9 months of continuous ART. Data is represented as SIV DNA cell equivalents per million cells. (Q) Quantification of total SIV DNA in the LNs and colon at 11M ART. Data is represented as cell equivalents per million cells. Statistical Analyses: (A-G, I-M, P-Q) Mann-Whitney U-test, (H) PERMANOVA and (N) Spearman non-parametric correlation with confidence bands generated through linear regression. α=0.05.
Article Snippet: Detection of sCD14 in monkey plasma was carried out using a CD14 Quantikine ELISA kit specific to rhesus macaques (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Purification, MANN-WHITNEY, Generated